Modern ICT trend

The rapid advances in information and communication technology (ICT) in recent decades have had an enormous effect on many facets of everyday life, including our relationships, formal and informal education, work, recreational pursuits and shopping. Access to information has exploded, with the scope and detail of material available increasing almost beyond comprehension.

We are in a new era in which ICT research has shifted its focus from technology development to novel applications. For example, digital technologies have been widely applied to speech, audio, video and graphics in various commercial applications today. Furthermore, the availability of the broadband wireless Internet infrastructure and the cloud computing facilities has changed the way of web-based services. Driven by the broadband network and cloud computing infrastructure, ICT-enabled web services have become a phenomenon. Examples of them include: YouTube, Google Map, Wikipedia, Facebook, etc. Several common features of the new web services will be discussed. These services provide a scalable platform that allows a large number of users to participate in content creation and interact with each other. Each site is essentially a large database as well as a community. The success of these services lies in a workable business model such as on-line advertisement.More and more advertisements from the traditional media such as newspaper,audio and video broadcast programs are moving to the web-based advertisement due to its efficiency.On the other hand, Education systems are increasingly investigating the use of technology to better understand a student’s knowledge base from prior learning and to tailor teaching to both address learning gaps as well as learning styles. This focus transforms a classroom from one that teaches to the middle to one that adjusts content and pedagogy based on individual student needs – both strong and weak.And also new advances in hardware and software are making mobile “smart phones” indispensible tools. Just as cell phones have leapfrogged fixed line technology in the telecommunications industry, it is likely that mobile devices with internet access and computing capabilities will soon overtake personal computers as the information appliance of choice in the classroom.

The role of the teacher in the classroom is being transformed from that of the font of knowledge to an instructional manager helping to guide students through individualized learning pathways, identifying relevant learning resources, creating collaborative learning opportunities, and providing insight and support both during formal class time and outside of the designated 40 minute instruction period.  This shift is easier said than done and ultimately the success or failure of technology projects in the classroom hinge on the human factor and the willingness of a teacher to step into unchartered territory. 

Question and Answer 7

P74

3.My country has a standard electrical plug and socket design.So does other countries that I have visited.But they have different standard and I don’t think it causes some problems.

4.Making products to a standard design is very imptotant because it helps custumers to have a good products and services.Think about quality standard,without it ,there is no competition and there so many bad products.

5.Maybe it could be difficult for some company that has few money.

6.For buying food,People buy a bread almost everyday so it has to be packaged and there has to be date on the package.

P75

1.I know some product that require certification.Food,cosmetic and health products are required certification in my country.

2.I don’t know any problems with product that were not certified.

3.I used to work for company that sell cosmetics when I was in highschool.And I found out some of the products of the company were not certified.

4.In my country,Cars are regularly tested by independent test centres.I think it’s important because old cars can cause some serious damages.

P75

1.Standards are especially important for electrical products because it works with high voltage and it can hurt people and  their properties.For example,when they are not home,it can cause fire.

2.Most manufacturing companies have testing department.In there,Engineers test the products and make sure that their products are of the required standard.

4.I would like to do Colin’s job.It would make me feel happy because I would help to make sure everything that people use is safe and legal.

Question and Answer 6

P62

1.The light travels faster than sound.

2.The sound wave creates pressure.

3.The light waves travel further through air than sound.

4.The sound waves travel further through sea than light.

P64

1.A laser amplifies light using a special material - s crystal such as a ruby, or a gas, such as, CO2 - formed into a cylinder with mirrors at each end.

2.Lasers are used in communication in many ways, such as scanning bar codes at checkout lines, transferring information by reading CDs and DVDs, and tapping the fiber optic backbone of phone and Internet services, explains Nicholas Gerbis on Howstuffworks

3.This material can be excited to a semi-stable state by light or an electric discharge. The material can be a crystal, glass, liquid, dye, or gas as long as it can be excited in this way.

P65

1.Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity, and ability to reach extremely high powers are all properties which allow for these specialized applications.

P67

1.The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990, and remains in operation. Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy.

2.Roughly eighty percent of all the mass in the Universe is made of dark matter – a mysterious invisible substance responsible for the structure of galaxies and the patterns of the cosmos on the very largest scales. 

Question and Answer 5

P48

1.I use my phone regularly.Main function of my phone is to allow me to talk whoever I want to talk. And also it is used for making life easier.

2.I use it for fun such as saving photos,watching movies,listening music and playing games.However,I use it for my education such as learning English and taking photos of my lesson.

P49

1.GPS in cars and trucks is are used to highway navigation and vehicle tracking.Topographical surveying is useful  for mapping surface features.

P50

1.The elevator would connect  the earth’s surface to space.And it will use an incredibly strong and lightweight cable that is strong enough to support it’s own weight and a heavy load.

2.It will be used for transpoting heavy load into orbit without the need for explosive and environmentally unfriendly rockets.Even it will transport people.

3. First,how could such a height be reached? Second,how they connect the earth to space.

4.I think the concept of space elevators is not being taken seriously at present because it sounds like imagination and it will cost way too much.

P52

1.An automated system means some kind of  technology operates by itself.Contrarily,a manual system means it is controlled by someone.

P54

1.The example of monitoring and control systems is refrigerator.Monitoring system of refrigerator adjusts the temperature at  confortable level.It shuts up the cooling system when the temperature is low.And it shuts down the cooling system when the temperature become high.

P57

1.The test engineer tests materials or equipments for a undustry.If they certify the materials and equipments,then a company use it to build a structure that they make.

2.For aircraft,the materilas have to be light and have high strength and stiffnesss.Engineers use different instruments to make these materials.

3.The testing is extremely important for aircraft because any failure could end in disaster.And airplane always carry very important things such as people and their expensive loads.

P57

1.I would like to do Joaquin’s job.I’ve always wanted to work in aircraft industry and it would be amazing.

Question and Answer 4

P36

1.What types of measurement systems are there?

There are imperial system and metric system.Imperial system is usually used in America and metric system is used in most counties

2.Why do engineers label all measurement?

Engineers label all the measurement because they can do perfect job.if they don’t do that,the product wil be rejected.

P38

1.What types of measurement are you familiar with?

I’m familiar with the metric system.I’ve used it since I could remember and never worked with the imperial system.

2.What can you measure with the SI system of unit?

I can measure anything with the SI system of unit because I’ve used it for my intire life.

P40

1.There are tenths,hundredths,thousandths,squared,cubed and X to the X power.

2.Squaring means multiplied twice by itself.Cubed means multiplied three times by itself.

P42

1.Engineers use numbers all the time.Without it,they can’t do something right.

2.I usually do math myself when it’s easy.If it’s hard to think,I use calculator to avoid making mistakes.

P44

1.People use the scientific method when they do experiment and analyzing.But it isn’t only situation.

2.The scientific method is very important because it allows people to discover and make new things.Almost everything in the world is built by it.
P46

1. The engineering design process is a series of steps that engineers follow to come up with a solution to a problem.

2.Being organized is one of the most important things for any professional especially for web designers since they have to handle a lot of things. With things not organized and messed up, a simple work can take more time than required.

BAND-AID
In 1920,Josephine Dickinson was living  with her husband Earle.One day,When Earle came home from his job as a cotton buyer at Johnson & Johnson, Josephine would always have dinner on the table. Unfortunately, she'd also have several cuts or burns on her fingers. Without an adhesive bandage, Josephine had no easy way of bandaging her own cuts.

Earle had to cut pieces of adhesive tape and cotton gauze and make a bandage for each wound. This happened day after day-and, day after day Josephine needed more bandages. They were in a real bind. Finally, after several weeks of kitchen accidents, Earle hit upon an idea.

Earle sat down and prepared some ready-made bandages by placing squares of cotton gauze at intervals along an adhesive strip and covering them with crinoline. Now all Josephine had to do was cut off a length of the strip and wrap it over her cut. In a way, it was a mother who was responsible for the invention of the Band aid.

Earle soon told his boss at work about his new invention and soon the first adhesive bandages were being produced and sold under the world famous Band aid trademark. Earle was eventually rewarded with a position as Vice President in the company, where he stayed until his retirement. As for Josephine, history does not record whether she ever mastered the art of accident-free cooking. But we know she had plenty of Band aid available just in case.

Earle Dickson may not have realized what a cutting edge product he was inventing, but it certainly stuck around.Band aid have long been a staple in a family's first-aid kit as a source of healing, comfort and protection. And as the brand has expanded over the years, so too has the technology and innovation behind it. Band aid has moved from being strictly a bandage to becoming a brand that offers a wide variety of products to meet the diverse needs of today's active families and their lifestyles.
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Professions
-ER
1.Teacher
2.Manager
3.Driver
4.Advisor
5.Assembler
6.Butcher
7.Carpenter
8.Designer
9.Housekeeper
10.Fire figther
-IST
1.Dentist
2.Audiologist
3.Anesthesiologist
4.Pharmacist
5.Psychologist
6.Beauty therapist
7.Climatologist
8.Dental hygienist
9.Food scientist
10.Journalist
-IAN
1.Technician
2.Musician
3.Magician